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" ... When you hear the term "carbon dating," this is what scientists are referring to: measuring the carbon-14 to carbon-12 ratio. If we know what the initial carbon-14 to carbon-12 ratio was when an organism was alive (because it only varies by ~0.06% from year-to-year, typically), and we measure what the carbon-14 to carbon-12 ratio is today (where some of it has decayed away due to its unstable, radioactive nature), we can infer how long it's been since that organism stopped uptaking carbon-14. ... "