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" ... Adaptive designs are applicable to both exploratory and confirmatory clinical trials. Adaptive designs for exploratory clinical trials deal mainly with finding safe and effective doses or with dose–response modeling. The emphasis is on strategies that will assign a larger proportion of the participants to treatment groups that are performing well, reduce the number of participants in treatment groups that are performing poorly, and investigate a dose range that is larger than ranges in corresponding trials with nonadaptive designs, in order to select effective doses for the confirmatory stage of investigation. ... "
" ... Certain characteristics may come to dominate this isolated population even when those characteristics are not particularly beneficial to survival. Other forces driving nonadaptive evolution change include mutations that might increase the growth rate of several tissues or organs at once. As a result, selection for an increase in size of one organ might also increase the size of others, leading to unexpected new properties. ... "