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" ... According to the Standard Model, the leptons and antileptons should all be separate, independent ... [+] particles from one another. But the three types of neutrino all mix together, indicating they must be massive and, furthermore, that neutrinos and antineutrinos may in fact be the same particle as one another: Majorana fermions. ... "
" ... Before the breaking of the electroweak symmetry, everything that is known to exist in the Universe today is massless, and moves at the speed of light. Once the Higgs symmetry breaks, it gives mass to the quarks and leptons of the Universe, the W and Z bosons, and the Higgs boson itself. Suddenly, with huge mass differences between light particles and heavy ones, the heavy ones spontaneously decay into the lighter ones on very short timescales, especially when the energy (E) of the Universe drops below the mass equivalent (m) needed to create these unstable particles via E = mc2. ... "
" ... Physicists are forever dividing the universe into two classes of things-- ordinary matter and dark matter, quarks and leptons, conductors and insulators. Some of these definitions are just matters of convenience, but others are fundamental to the structure of the universe. One of the most fundamental splits is that between the particles known as bosons and those known as fermions. This is a difference that seems arcane and arbitrary when you first encounter it, but it turns out to be of critical importance. In fact, life as we know it would be impossible were it not for the difference between bosons and fermions, as you can't have solid objects without it. ... "
" ... The particles that make up the normal matter in our Universe are the quarks and leptons: the quarks make up protons and neutrons (and baryons, in general), while the leptons include the electron and its heavier cousins, as well as the three regular neutrinos. On the flipside, there are antiparticles that make up the antimatter that exists in our Universe: the antiquarks and antileptons. Through natural decays that involve a number of pathways that leverage both W- and W+ bosons, there’s a tiny bit of antimatter in the form of positrons and anti-electron neutrinos. This would persist even if we somehow manage to “turn off” the outside Universe, including the Sun, cosmic rays, and any other sources of particles or energy. ... "