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" ... Currently, scientists know that sharks have three different types of antibody (called isotypes). Two of these isotypes are very similar in structure to the antibodies found in mammals and other vertebrates, the third (IgNAR) is unique to elasmobranchs. It has a slightly different structure, composed of only heavy chains which makes the binding region smaller and easier to work with. Researchers also know that following infection (or immunization, which is designed to simulate infection) sharks use these antibodies to clear the invading pathogen. This occurs through similar mechanisms as in mammals but the response is much slower (months rather than weeks). ... "