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" ... Gold is applied because it significantly increases the reflectivity of the telescope in infrared light. The coating must be thick enough to cover the mirror entirely, but thin enough to not affect the mirrors at all in terms of expansion/contraction/deformation when the temperatures change. The way to put the gold coating on is through a process known as vacuum vapor deposition. You place the mirrors inside a vacuum chamber, evacuating the air entirely, and then you vaporize a small amount of gold and inject it into the chamber. Areas you don't want coated (like the back, which will need struts, actuators and flexures attached to them to help focus the mirrors) are masked off, but the smooth, polished surface gets gold atoms deposited on it. This process continues until the gold is 100 nanometers thick. ... "