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" ... Although it might seem counterintuitive that gravitation would affect gravitational waves, this is one of those wonderful times where theory and observation line up perfectly. They demonstrate that gravitational waves must follow the curved paths set by the presence of mass and energy in the Universe; that they see their wavelengths stretch as the Universe expands; that they obey the rules of time dilation; that they follow the same paths that photons do, minus the interactions with matter. ... "
" ... In more modern physics, students majoring in physics should leave knowing the basic concept of relativity-- that the laws of physics do not depend on how you're moving-- and follow-up concepts like time dilation, length contraction, and the relationship between mass and energy. They should know core quantum ideas like the wave nature of matter and the particle nature of light, and that quantum systems generally feature discrete states in some manner-- energy levels in atoms, energy bands in solids, etc.-- and that determining the energies of these states is the main way we get information about matter at the microscopic scale. Again, I wouldn't expect them to be able to rattle off the Lorentz Transformation equations or the hydrogen atom wavefunctions without looking at a book, but they should know the key ideas. ... "
" ... This is why Einstein’s relativity gives us concepts like time dilation and length contraction. If you move at very low speeds compared to the speed of light, you won’t notice these effects: time appears to move at one second per second for everyone, and lengths appear to be the same distance for everyone at speeds normally achievable on Earth. ... "
" ... Time dilation (L) and length contraction (R) show how time appears to run slower and distances ... [+] appear to get smaller the closer you move to the speed of light. As you approach the speed of light, clocks dilate towards time not passing at all, while distances contract down to infinitesimal amounts. ... "