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" ... A coronagraph is similar to a starshade, except it is placed in the telescope itself. The starshade or "mask" is placed in the path of light passing through the telescope to block the light of the star. But because the mask is close, rather than far away, there's a blurring effect due to the waves of light interfering with each other. This creates concentric circles of bright and dark lines in the telescope's image. So you need another set of masks to minimize them. And you need computer software to enhance the images you get, and you need adaptive optics to account for random fluctuations in the starlight. It's a complex system, but unlike the starshade idea we have built and used coronagraphs before. They are a well-established tool of ground-based astronomy. What we haven't done is to use a coronagraph in space. ... "
" ... But that's where the letdown ends. By using coronagraph technology, we'll be able to block out the light from the parent star, viewing the light from the planet directly. Sure, we'll only get a pixel's worth of light, but it won't be one continuous, steady pixel at all. Instead, we'll get to monitor that light in three different ways: ... "
" ... Owing to the power of the Hubble Space Telescope (and later, ground-based adaptive optics), we've already taken our first direct images of exoplanets, and have even witnessed them actively orbiting their parent stars. By utilizing instruments such as a coronagraph or a starshade, we can block the light of the parent star the potentially inhabited planet orbits, imaging only the planet of interest instead. ... "
" ... SOHO, which orbits between Earth and the Sun, was launched in 1995. By blocking out the light of the Sun with an onboard coronagraph (like holding your hand up to the Sun), it is able to study the Sun’s outer atmosphere, known as its corona. ... "